![]() ![]() Instead, their job is internally focused, adjusting brain waves and mental states according to the levels of internal chemicals, such as GABA, sex hormones and micro RNAs. The other population, extra-synaptic GABA receptors, are independent agents. One kind, synaptic GABA receptors, works in tandem with glutamate receptors to balance the excitation of the brain in response to external events such as stress. The most commonly used tranquilizing drug, benzodiazepine, activates GABA receptors in our brains. GABA, on the other hand, calms us and helps us sleep, blocking the action of the excitable glutamate. Glutamate is also the primary chemical that helps store memories in our neuronal networks in a way that they are easy to remember. But when we are hyper-aroused and vigilant, glutamate surges. Under normal conditions the system is balanced. Two amino acids, glutamate and GABA, are the yin and yang of the brain, directing its emotional tides and controlling whether nerve cells are excited or inhibited (calm). ![]() The best way to access the memories in this system is to return the brain to the same state of consciousness as when the memory was encoded, the study showed. It’s difficult for therapists to help these patients, Radulovic said, because the patients themselves can’t remember their traumatic experiences that are the root cause of their symptoms. “This could eventually lead to new treatments for patients with psychiatric disorders for whom conscious access to their traumatic memories is needed if they are to recover.” Jelena Radulovic, the Dunbar Professor in Bipolar Disease at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. “The findings show there are multiple pathways to storage of fear-inducing memories, and we identified an important one for fear-related memories,” said principal investigator Dr. In a new study with mice, Northwestern Medicine scientists have discovered for the first time the mechanism by which state-dependent learning renders stressful fear-related memories consciously inaccessible. Related story: Stimulation excites the brain to form better memories Thus, memories formed in a particular mood, arousal or drug-induced state can best be retrieved when the brain is back in that state. But eventually those suppressed memories can cause debilitating psychological problems, such as anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder or dissociative disorders.Ī process known as state-dependent learning is believed to contribute to the formation of memories that are inaccessible to normal consciousness. Some stressful experiences - such as chronic childhood abuse - are so overwhelming and traumatic, the memories hide like a shadow in the brain.Īt first, hidden memories that can’t be consciously accessed may protect the individual from the emotional pain of recalling the event. ![]()
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